Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, spreads through close contact with the infection. This can be contact with a person, animal, or object where the virus is present

There are several ways in which mpox can spread from person to person. These include:

  • skin-to-skin contact
  • mouth-to-mouth contact
  • mouth-to-skin contact

Mouth-to-skin contact can include kissing and being close to a person’s face, such as breathing close to somebody. Mpox can spread this way through infectious respiratory particles. However, the risk of transmission through respiratory droplets from human to human appears low.

Mpox can spread from person to person until all of the following apply:

  • the lesions have crusted over
  • the scabs have fallen off
  • a new layer of skin has formed underneath
  • all lesions on the eyes and in the body have healed

The virus can also spread 1 to 4 days before symptoms or lesions appear.

Mpox can spread from humans to animals and vice versa. Animals that can carry the virus include monkeys, prairie dogs, and terrestrial rodents such as tree squirrels.

The mpox virus can also spread from object to person. These can include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • bedding
  • clothing
  • towels
  • work surfaces
  • electronics

If a person with mpox touches an object or surface, the virus can stay there for more than 2 weeks. The virus can then spread to somebody else if they touch the same place, particularly if the individual has a cut or abrasion or if they touch their:

  • mouth
  • nose
  • eyes

Ways to prevent or reduce the likelihood of mpox include:

  • regularly disinfecting surfaces and areas around the home
  • regularly washing your hands
  • avoiding contact with live and dead animals
  • minimizing skin-to-skin contact, particularly if somebody has a rash
  • avoiding sharing utensils, towels, and other objects
  • speaking with a medical professional to find out whether they recommend the mpox vaccination