Key takeaways
- Low vision rehabilitation (LVR) can help people with geographic atrophy (GA) make the most of their remaining vision and adapt to daily life. Programs are personalized and may include visual aids, assistive technology, and support for independent living.
- Starting LVR early, even before legal blindness, may improve quality of life by making everyday tasks easier and helping people cope with the emotional impact of vision changes. Regular check-ins with a healthcare professional allow the plan to evolve as needs change.
- LVR services vary but may include optical devices, adaptive computer tools, independent living training, and emotional support. Coverage differs by plan, so checking with an insurance provider can help clarify available options.
Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an eye disease that damages the macula in the central part of your retina.
GA gets its name from its characteristic appearance. Areas of damaged cells in the macula often have distinct borders and can resemble land masses on a map during an eye exam.
Research suggests that nearly
Low vision rehabilitation is one way that can help people make the most of their remaining eyesight and support quality of life with GA.
GA is an advanced form of AMD (formerly referred to as ARMD).
AMD is a progressive eye disease, though it affects each person differently. It typically develops gradually and can be unpredictable.
AMD develops due to a combination of factors, including:
- natural age-related changes in the eyes
- inflammation and immune system activity
- dysfunction in the layers of the retina
- buildup of small deposits made up of lipids and proteins, called drusen
Together, these factors damage the layers of the macula that are responsible for converting light, supplying blood, and nourishing cells. When these cells die, they aren’t replaced, which makes vision loss permanent.
As AMD progresses to GA, areas of damage have become larger and more clearly defined. During an eye exam, these areas often appear map-like.
The macula is located at the center of the retina and processes central vision, which allows you to see fine details and color. Damage to this area primarily affects central vision.
Many people with GA have difficulty seeing in low-light conditions. Colors may appear less vivid, and details can look blurry when looking straight ahead. As GA advances, some people experience a complete loss of central vision.
Low vision rehabilitation (LVR) is a type of visual training that helps you adapt to changes in central vision. It focuses on making the most of your remaining vision and building skills for everyday tasks, such as reading, writing, and recognizing faces.
You don’t need to be legally blind for LVR to be an option. If vision changes begin to interfere with daily life, LVR may help. It’s crucial to be open with your doctor about how vision loss affects you, both physically and emotionally.
The main goal of LVR is to support your quality of life. Letting your doctor know how much GA affects your day-to-day activities can help guide next steps in your care.
Low vision rehabilitation is a personalized, multifaceted approach designed to support quality of life for people with low vision. It can include several types of services, depending on your diagnosis, overall health, lifestyle, and personal preference.
Optical devices
Optical devices are tools that enlarge or clarify images, making them easier to see.
Examples include:
- magnifiers
- microscopic reading glasses
- telescopes and telescopic lenses
- field expansion prisms
Computer technology
Adaptive computer hardware and software can make digital devices easier to use for people with low vision.
Common options include:
- large monitor screens
- screen magnification tools
- text-to-speech readers
- adjustable font sizes
- adjustable contrast settings
- voice-activated digital assistants
Independent living support
Independent living supports are everyday tools and strategies that help improve function without relying on lenses.
These may include:
- adjustable lighting
- shades and matte surfaces to reduce glare
- large-print materials
- high-contrast markings on stairs, handrails, and door frames
- textured markers on appliances or objects for easier identification
- keeping frequently used items in the same place
- talking accessories, such as watches or thermometers
- large-button devices
- electronic walking canes
Microperimetry
Microperimetry is a procedure doctors use to measure retinal sensitivity. It maps the retina and identifies healthier areas that may still support vision.
During the procedure, you focus on visual targets while a device provides feedback. This process can help retrain your brain to rely more on healthier retinal areas, potentially improving functional vision.
Psychological interventions
GA affects vision, but it can also affect emotional well-being. Counseling or psychotherapy can help people adjust to life with low vision. Mental health professionals can teach coping strategies and connect you with additional support services, such as peer groups or community resources.
A LVR program is an ongoing process designed to help you adapt to life with low vision. During your first visit, your doctor will work with you to identify areas of concern and explore possible solutions.
Together, you’ll create an initial plan and follow up as needed for additional testing or adjustments. Schedules and timelines vary, since GA affects each person differently.
As your needs change, so will your LVR program. You might need additional support or prefer different strategies over time. For example, some people may benefit from high-contrast colors in their home, while others may find textured cues more helpful.
Your doctor can refer you to an LVR specialist if they don’t offer the service. You can also search your local area by professional directories, such as:
Does insurance cover it?
Some health insurance plans will cover LVR evaluations if you meet certain criteria. However, many plans, including Medicare, typically don’t cover the cost of low vision devices.
To understand what’s covered, contact your insurance provider directly and ask about coverage for low vision rehabilitation services and equipment.
LVR can support daily life with geographic atrophy by helping you make the most of your remaining vision, organize your home environment for safety and accessibility, and develop strategies for coping with the challenges of low vision.
While LVR is not a cure for GA, it can play a crucial role in improving quality of life.
Low vision rehabilitation is a personalized program designed to support people living with geographic atrophy. It may include vision retraining, along with devices and technology to make everyday tasks easier.
While LVR won’t cure GA, it can improve the quality of life for some people. It’s never too early to ask your doctor about LVR, especially if vision changes are starting to interfere with daily activities.